256 research outputs found
Generalised Quantum Waveguides
We study general quantum waveguides and establish explicit effective
Hamiltonians for the Laplacian on these spaces. A conventional quantum
waveguide is an -tubular neighbourhood of a curve in
and the object of interest is the Dirichlet Laplacian on this
tube in the asymptotic limit . We generalise this by
considering fibre bundles over a -dimensional submanifold
with fibres diffeomorphic to ,
whose total space is embedded into an -neighbourhood of . From
this point of view takes the role of the curve and that of the
disc-shaped cross-section of a conventional quantum waveguide. Our approach
allows, among other things, for waveguides whose cross-sections are
deformed along and also the study of the Laplacian on the boundaries of
such waveguides. By applying recent results on the adiabatic limit of
Schr\"odinger operators on fibre bundles we show, in particular, that for small
energies the dynamics and the spectrum of the Laplacian on are reflected by
the adiabatic approximation associated to the ground state band of the normal
Laplacian. We give explicit formulas for the according effective operator on
in various scenarios, thereby improving and extending many of the
known results on quantum waveguides and quantum layers in
The adiabatic limit of the connection Laplacian
We study the behaviour of Laplace-type operators H on a complex vector bundle
E M in the adiabatic limit of the base space. This space is a
fibre bundle M B with compact fibres and the limit corresponds to
blowing up directions perpendicular to the fibres by a factor 1/.
Under a gap condition on the fibre-wise eigenvalues we prove existence of
effective operators that provide asymptotics to any order in for H
(with Dirichlet boundary conditions), on an appropriate almost-invariant
subspace of L(E).Comment: To appear in the Journal of Geometric Analysi
Automated Ground Truth Estimation For Automotive Radar Tracking Applications With Portable GNSS And IMU Devices
Baseline generation for tracking applications is a difficult task when
working with real world radar data. Data sparsity usually only allows an
indirect way of estimating the original tracks as most objects' centers are not
represented in the data. This article proposes an automated way of acquiring
reference trajectories by using a highly accurate hand-held global navigation
satellite system (GNSS). An embedded inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used
for estimating orientation and motion behavior. This article contains two major
contributions. A method for associating radar data to vulnerable road user
(VRU) tracks is described. It is evaluated how accurate the system performs
under different GNSS reception conditions and how carrying a reference system
alters radar measurements. Second, the system is used to track pedestrians and
cyclists over many measurement cycles in order to generate object centered
occupancy grid maps. The reference system allows to much more precisely
generate real world radar data distributions of VRUs than compared to
conventional methods. Hereby, an important step towards radar-based VRU
tracking is accomplished.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted paper for 2019 20th International Radar
Symposium (IRS), Ulm, Germany, June 2019. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1905.1121
Sequentieller Versuch zur HiL-unterstützten Validierung hybrider Antriebssysteme mit gekoppelten Antriebseinheiten
Diesel-hybride Antriebssysteme für Triebwagen können den Kraftstoffverbrauch und die Emissionen auf nicht elektrifizierten Strecken gegenüber konventionellen Dieseltriebwagen deutlich reduzieren. Die Auslegung solcher Antriebssysteme erfordert den Einsatz von Simulation und experimentellen Methoden. Für die Validierung wird eine Vorgehensweise entwickelt, die es erlaubt, einzelne Antriebseinheiten nacheinander auf dem Prüfstand zu validieren
Topological States on the Gold Surface
Gold surfaces host special electronic states that have been understood as a
prototype of Shockley surface states (SSs). These SSs are commonly employed to
benchmark the capability of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)
and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We find that these Shockley SSs can be
reinterpreted as topologically derived surface states (TDSSs) of a topological
insulator (TI), a recently discovered quantum state. Based on band structure
calculations, the Z2 topological invariant can be well defined to characterize
the nontrivial features of gold that we detect by ARPES. The same TDSSs are
also recognized on surfaces of other well-known noble metals (e.g., silver,
copper, platinum, and palladium). Besides providing a new understanding of
noble metal SSs, finding topological states on late transition metals provokes
interesting questions on the role of topological effects in surface-related
processes, such as adsorption and catalysis.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure
Antriebssysteme für den Nahverkehr auf dem Prüfstand
Im Forschungsbereich Antriebssysteme am Lehrstuhl für Bahnsystemtechnik des Instituts für Fahrzeugsystemtechnik (FAST) am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) werden innovative elektrische und hybride Antriebssysteme für Schienenfahrzeuge des Nahverkehrs durch Simulation und Versuche am Prüfstand untersucht
Effects of a Web-Based Intervention for Stress Reduction in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: Preliminary findings suggest that Web-based interventions may be effective in achieving significant stress reduction. To date, there are no findings available for primary care patients. This is the first study that investigates a Web-based intervention for stress reduction in primary care. Objective: The aim was to examine the short-term effectiveness of a fully automated Web-based coaching program regarding stress reduction in a primary care setting. Methods: The study was an unblinded cluster randomized trial with an observation period of 12 weeks. Individuals recruited by general practitioners randomized to the intervention group participated in a Web-based coaching program based on education, motivation, exercise guidance, daily text message reminders, and weekly feedback through the Internet. All components of the program were fully automated. Participants in the control group received usual care and advice from their practitioner without the Web-based coaching program. The main outcome was change in the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) over 12 weeks. Results: A total of 93 participants (40 in intervention group, 53 in control group) were recruited into the study. For 25 participants from the intervention group and 49 participants from the control group, PSQ scores at baseline and 12 weeks were available. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the PSQ score decreased by mean 8.2 (SD 12.7) in the intervention group and by mean 12.6 (SD 14.7) in the control group. There was no significant difference identified between the groups (mean difference -4.5, 95% CI -10.2 to 1.3, P=. 13). Conclusions: This trial could not show that the tested Web-based intervention was effective for reducing stress compared to usual care. The limited statistical power and the high dropout rate may have reduced the study's ability to detect significant differences between the groups. Further randomized controlled trials are needed with larger populations to investigate the long-term outcome as well as the contents of usual primary care
Effects of a Web-Based Intervention for Stress Reduction in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: Preliminary findings suggest that Web-based interventions may be effective in achieving significant stress reduction. To date, there are no findings available for primary care patients. This is the first study that investigates a Web-based intervention for stress reduction in primary care. Objective: The aim was to examine the short-term effectiveness of a fully automated Web-based coaching program regarding stress reduction in a primary care setting. Methods: The study was an unblinded cluster randomized trial with an observation period of 12 weeks. Individuals recruited by general practitioners randomized to the intervention group participated in a Web-based coaching program based on education, motivation, exercise guidance, daily text message reminders, and weekly feedback through the Internet. All components of the program were fully automated. Participants in the control group received usual care and advice from their practitioner without the Web-based coaching program. The main outcome was change in the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) over 12 weeks. Results: A total of 93 participants (40 in intervention group, 53 in control group) were recruited into the study. For 25 participants from the intervention group and 49 participants from the control group, PSQ scores at baseline and 12 weeks were available. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the PSQ score decreased by mean 8.2 (SD 12.7) in the intervention group and by mean 12.6 (SD 14.7) in the control group. There was no significant difference identified between the groups (mean difference -4.5, 95% CI -10.2 to 1.3, P=. 13). Conclusions: This trial could not show that the tested Web-based intervention was effective for reducing stress compared to usual care. The limited statistical power and the high dropout rate may have reduced the study's ability to detect significant differences between the groups. Further randomized controlled trials are needed with larger populations to investigate the long-term outcome as well as the contents of usual primary care
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